Standard Iterable Types

Certain standard types are iterable via a for statement.

Iterate Through Arrays

Iterating through an array yields cloned copies of each element.

let a = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 42];

// Loop through the array
for x in a {
    if x > 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 42 { break; }           // break out of for loop
}

Iterate Through Strings

Iterating through a string yields individual characters.

The chars method also allow iterating through characters in a string, optionally accepting the character position to start from (counting from the end if negative), as well as the number of characters to iterate (defaults to all).

char also accepts a range which can be created via the .. (exclusive) and ..= (inclusive) operators.

let s = "hello, world!";

// Iterate through all the characters.
for ch in s {
    print(ch);
}

// Iterate starting from the 3rd character and stopping at the 7th.
for ch in s.chars(2, 5) {
    if ch > 'z' { continue; }       // skip to the next iteration

    print(ch);

    if x == '@' { break; }          // break out of for loop
}

// Iterate starting from the 3rd character and stopping at the end.
for ch in s.chars(2..s.len) {
    if ch > 'z' { continue; }       // skip to the next iteration

    print(ch);

    if x == '@' { break; }          // break out of for loop
}

Iterate Through Numeric Ranges

Ranges are created via the .. (exclusive) and ..= (inclusive) operators.

The range function similarly creates exclusive ranges, plus allowing optional step values.

// Iterate starting from 0 and stopping at 49
// The step is assumed to be 1 when omitted for integers
for x in 0..50 {
    if x > 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 42 { break; }           // break out of for loop
}

// The 'range' function is just the same
for x in range(0, 50) {
    if x > 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 42 { break; }           // break out of for loop
}

// The 'range' function also takes a step
for x in range(0, 50, 3) {          // step by 3
    if x > 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 42 { break; }           // break out of for loop
}

// The 'range' function can also step backwards
for x in range(50..0, -3) {         // step down by -3
    if x < 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 42 { break; }           // break out of for loop
}

// It works also for floating-point numbers
for x in range(5.0, 0.0, -2.0) {    // step down by -2.0
    if x < 10 { continue; }         // skip to the next iteration

    print(x);

    if x == 4.2 { break; }          // break out of for loop
}

Iterate Through Bit-Fields

The bits function allows iterating through an integer as a bit-field.

bits optionally accepts the bit number to start from (counting from the most-significant-bit if negative), as well as the number of bits to iterate (defaults all).

bits also accepts a range which can be created via the .. (exclusive) and ..= (inclusive) operators.

let x = 0b_1001110010_1101100010_1100010100;
let num_on = 0;

// Iterate through all the bits
for bit in x.bits() {
    if bit { num_on += 1; }
}

print(`There are ${num_on} bits turned on!`);

const START = 3;

// Iterate through all the bits from 3 through 12
for (bit, index) in x.bits(START, 10) {
    print(`Bit #${index} is ${if bit { "ON" } else { "OFF" }}!`);

    if index >= 7 { break; }        // break out of for loop
}

// Iterate through all the bits from 3 through 12
for (bit, index) in x.bits(3..=12) {
    print(`Bit #${index} is ${if bit { "ON" } else { "OFF" }}!`);

    if index >= 7 { break; }        // break out of for loop
}

Iterate Through Object Maps

Two methods, keys and values, return arrays containing cloned copies of all property names and values of an object map, respectively.

These arrays can be iterated.