Arrays

Arrays are first-class citizens in Rhai.

All elements stored in an array are Dynamic, and the array can freely grow or shrink with elements added or removed.

The Rust type of a Rhai array is rhai::Array which is an alias to Vec<Dynamic>.

type_of() an array returns "array".

Arrays are disabled via the no_index feature.

Literal Syntax

Array literals are built within square brackets [ … ] and separated by commas ,:

[ value, value, … , value ]

[ value, value, … , value , ] // trailing comma is OK

Element Access Syntax

From beginning

Like C, arrays are accessed with zero-based, non-negative integer indices:

array [ index position from 0 to (length−1) ]

From end

A negative position accesses an element in the array counting from the end, with −1 being the last element.

array [ index position from −1 to −length ]

Out-of-Bounds Index

Trying to read from an index that is out of bounds causes an error.

Built-in Functions

The following methods (mostly defined in the BasicArrayPackage but excluded when using a raw Engine) operate on arrays.

Examples

let y = [2, 3];             // y == [2, 3]

let y = [2, 3,];            // y == [2, 3]

y.insert(0, 1);             // y == [1, 2, 3]

y.insert(999, 4);           // y == [1, 2, 3, 4]

y.len == 4;

y[0] == 1;
y[1] == 2;
y[2] == 3;
y[3] == 4;

(1 in y) == true;           // use 'in' to test if an element exists in the array

(42 in y) == false;         // 'in' uses the 'contains' function, which uses the
                            // '==' operator (that users can override)
                            // to check if the target element exists in the array

y.contains(1) == true;      // the above de-sugars to this

y[1] = 42;                  // y == [1, 42, 3, 4]

(42 in y) == true;

y.remove(2) == 3;           // y == [1, 42, 4]

y.len == 3;

y[2] == 4;                  // elements after the removed element are shifted

ts.list = y;                // arrays can be assigned completely (by value copy)

ts.list[1] == 42;

[1, 2, 3][0] == 1;          // indexing on array literal

[1, 2, 3][-1] == 3;         // negative position counts from the end

fn abc() {
    [42, 43, 44]            // a function returning an array
}

abc()[0] == 42;

y.push(4);                  // y == [1, 42, 4, 4]

y += 5;                     // y == [1, 42, 4, 4, 5]

y.len == 5;

y.shift() == 1;             // y == [42, 4, 4, 5]

y.chop(3);                  // y == [4, 4, 5]

y.len == 3;

y.pop() == 5;               // y == [4, 4]

y.len == 2;

for element in y {          // arrays can be iterated with a 'for' statement
    print(element);
}

y.pad(6, "hello");          // y == [4, 4, "hello", "hello", "hello", "hello"]

y.len == 6;

y.truncate(4);              // y == [4, 4, "hello", "hello"]

y.len == 4;

y.clear();                  // y == []

y.len == 0;

// The examples below use 'a' as the master array

let a = [42, 123, 99];

a.for_each(|| this *= 2);

a == [84, 246, 198];

a.for_each(|i| this /= 2);

a == [42, 123, 99];

a.map(|v| v + 1);           // returns [43, 124, 100]

a.map(|| this + 1);         // returns [43, 124, 100]

a.map(|v, i| v + i);        // returns [42, 124, 101]

a.filter(|v| v > 50);       // returns [123, 99]

a.filter(|| this > 50);     // returns [123, 99]

a.filter(|v, i| i == 1);    // returns [123]

a.filter("is_odd");         // returns [123, 99]

a.filter(Fn("is_odd"));     // <- previous statement is equivalent to this...

a.filter(|v| is_odd(v));    // <- or this

a.some(|v| v > 50);         // returns true

a.some(|| this > 50);       // returns true

a.some(|v, i| v < i);       // returns false

a.all(|v| v > 50);          // returns false

a.all(|| this > 50);        // returns false

a.all(|v, i| v > i);        // returns true

// Reducing - initial value provided directly
a.reduce(|sum| sum + this, 0) == 264;

// Reducing - initial value provided directly
a.reduce(|sum, v| sum + v, 0) == 264;

// Reducing - initial value is '()'
a.reduce(
    |sum, v| if sum.type_of() == "()" { v } else { sum + v }
) == 264;

// Reducing - initial value has index position == 0
a.reduce(|sum, v, i|
    if i == 0 { v } else { sum + v }
) == 264;

// Reducing in reverse - initial value provided directly
a.reduce_rev(|sum| sum + this, 0) == 264;

// Reducing in reverse - initial value provided directly
a.reduce_rev(|sum, v| sum + v, 0) == 264;

// Reducing in reverse - initial value is '()'
a.reduce_rev(
    |sum, v| if sum.type_of() == "()" { v } else { sum + v }
) == 264;

// Reducing in reverse - initial value has index position == 0
a.reduce_rev(|sum, v, i|
    if i == 2 { v } else { sum + v }
) == 264;

// In-place modification

a.splice(1..=1, [1, 3, 2]); // a == [42, 1, 3, 2, 99]

a.extract(1..=3);           // returns [1, 3, 2]

a.sort(|x, y| y - x);       // a == [99, 42, 3, 2, 1]

a.sort();                   // a == [1, 2, 3, 42, 99]

a.drain(|v| v <= 1);        // a == [2, 3, 42, 99]

a.drain(|v, i| i ≥ 3);      // a == [2, 3, 42]

a.retain(|v| v > 10);       // a == [42]

a.retain(|v, i| i > 0);     // a == []